PhD in Pharmacology at the Nice University (1987). Postdoctoral training at the “Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research” (MA, USA) (1987-1989). I am currently working on comparative venomics of parasitoid wasps, and particularly on secretion, transport and action of wasp's venom virulence factors. Interest in insect immunology, insect cellular response, insect interactions with symbionts and pathogens.